Bard for a Day (inspired by The Iliad)

A Modern Iliad

by Wendy and John Seefried

This modern epic based on the Iliad tells the gripping story of three families on a camping trip and their quest for cherry pies.

The journey was begun and scarce a person knew the ills and travails that were yet to befall the families that were enroute for their fifth consecutive rite of summer, the pilgrimage to Assateague where they were to hand-turn cherry pies over an open fire. Three generations of Kinards, pulling together as one man, had already established their camp.

In summer the great bird, the blue footed booby, makes its nest on the rocky shore after the long rains of April. It shakes off the mist of the crashing ocean waves from its great curved wings and raises its long beak to the bright sunshine feeling the warmth and power of the sun. And then it lowers its great beak and solemnly assembles the twigs that will be the home and shelter against the summer winds along the northern coast.

So too the ox-eyed Angie seeks with tall majestic David, trainer of basketball players, to create a shelter from the Assateague winds. Their stoic fisherman Tait, had indeed accompanied them so they had no concern for taking great quantities of fish from the sea. But, Nick, their fleet footed basketball player, remains along the fading shadows of the farmstead, studying for exams and caring for the chickens. Brooding in the long dark shadows on the Parkton hills that this summer, the first in five, he would not enjoy the succulent, sweet as nectar, hand-turned cherry pies.

A glance down the Assateague campground road reveals young Benjamin scootering along, giving evidence to the fact that the Kinard men’s dinner fire burns low and the hour of last activities has begun as the once blazing sun now settles on the western horizon and blue skies give way to the purple and orange hues of sunset. What is that in his hand? See he brandishes a weapon, no, a tool and weapon both, made from steel that cannot rust. A tool and weapon in one; fashioned on Swiss Mountain peaks. This tool and weapon in one with its folding movements was long carried from thousands of miles away by Barnie, Father of Ken. There also on the path along the sand-swept dune was Ken, the great strategist; Ken the sage in council; Ken the god-like man of many devices. The goodly Ken, son of Barnie, had longed to see this day when his kind father might for the very first time camp with Benjamin and bestow on him this stainless gift carried from a distant shore.

The next day after the fires that prepared the breakfast meal had been extinguished… the full compliment of Seefrieds and Huso, save Nick, the fleet footed basketball player, embarked on a twin-hulled ship long and flat; it road the wind blown sea. Here the tide beneath the twin hulls raced in its headlong effort to return to see while wind pushed on pealing wave after wave… up from the depths… until each wave in its turn bade the wind release with white froth and foam. The mighty wind lashed and whipped at the surfaces of the deep to create such a tempest that the windswept crew sought fishing harbor leeward of the Route 50 bridge.

The crew sought flounder fish for their evening camp fire, but many times the hooks returned full of only vegetation that calls the depths its home. The twin hulled ship circled round again and again lest it be dashed against the towering columns of the bridge that held high the road known as Route 50. Then at last came bend of rod accompanied by shouts of acclamation that told all that Annette with skin of alabaster had hooked a monster deep and large. Hunter, the stout-hearted, ever with a caring eye turned to Annette surmised rightly that without help this beast would not retract his watery home willingly. So Hunter, the stout-hearted, raised the ships only harpoon high in his right hand and steadied his hold on the rolling ship with his left. His aim was sure and true. As the beast’s head breeched the surface of the deep grey water the point of the harpoon pierced the sharks rough scale-less skin just in front of the dorsal fin and plunged through with such force that point, barb and all ripped though the belly and protruded from between the pectoral fins beneath the beast. As the blood fanned-out from the wounds life left the sleek monster and it was lifted onto the long flat deck of the twin hulled ship. As the crew gazed on the great grey shark that lay on the deck it seemed to all that it embodied the evil and treachery of the times.

The sky donned a black cloak, drawing it slowly up from the north. The crew made for port. Three times would the waves crash along the flat deck as the twin hulls were pushed down into the raging sea, before the crew, wet, tired and hungry would again stand safely on the pier just beyond the clutches of the angry salt sea.

Along the roads from Towson lay the homestead, where the lovely, and fair-tressed Jennifer and the high-born, beautifully-haired Pat were maintaining the community and storehouses while the explorers and adventures continued on their seaside quest for hand turned, cherry pies. The Little Ones of the upland needed feeding, naps, and delightful storytelling of previous adventures that kept them all close in spirit. The fair-tressed Jennifer baked breads, journey cakes, and delicious delicacies and joyfully mentored the younger maidens in this essential art. The fair-tressed Jennifer always adroit in all manners of communication kept in close contact with the Son of Barnie, Ken, the great strategist; Ken the sage in council; Ken the god-like man of many devices, as he warmed her heart with news from the camp.

Throughout the following day, although the sun stood high in its perch a darkness still hung over the land of Towson, far from the distant shores of Assateague, and beyond the shadows on the Parkton hills where the lonely Nick, the fleet footed basketball player, still brooded over the cherry pies that his hand would not turn and his mouth would not taste.

The explorers, adventures, and homestead families joined the blessed family Bruns in mourning the loss of their beloved mother, dear Jackie, leader of many. She had valiantly fought the formidable enemy that causes the very cells of our own bodies to attack and destroy their very home, the shell of each man. But the assault on the body only served to strengthen the soul of this dear one, Jackie, leader of many. Courageously she led the Loch Raven High School troops until the last. She deeply knew the God of the land, the One True God, the Lord. She boldly proclaimed that his strength allowed her to continue the fight and overcome her adversary. Jackie, the leader of many, would allow no other gods of Good Thought, gods of Well Wishes, or obscure gods of Loving Hopes to capture the honor that was due to the One True God. The days of her mortality drew nigh and chains of this earth began to melt away. But one particular day she was discouraged to think that she was ‘giving up’ the fight. A messenger of the Lord, indeed an angel sent with a message, sped to her side and proclaimed, “You are not giving up, you are surrendering to God’s will.” This revelation allowed her to peacefully and readily surrender her earthly body, and prepare to receive the heavenly body that was shining, radiant, and splendidly prepared to praise the One True God, Creator of heaven and earth, for all eternity. The kindness of the One True God granted dear Jackie, leader of many, comfort from both of her children, the fair Mary and Emily, the teacher of pupils, Jeff, her son-in-law, and her dear husband Tim to surround her with love and song as her spirit peacefully slipped from its former shell and lifted gracefully above the earth. While the kingdom rejoices in her new repose at the feet of the Lord, on earth our hearts miss her and yearn to see her again.

The Iliad 3:17-24

We enacted the final 8-minute puppet play, held discussion on the expected yet unexpected finale to this book, and watched a pertinent clip from The Teaching Company while we nibbled on some fruits, veggies, and ambrosia of Mt. Olympus. Afterward we took 10 minutes to write individual summaries of key facts and personal thoughts on The Iliad and concluded with a summary by Ken on why The Iliad and other Great Books are worth our efforts to understand them.

Expect the Unexpected

After the grand finale of “The Iliad in 8 Minutes or Less”, we discussed some unexpected happenings in these final books. Finally Achilles steps up, bringing more action and emotion into the plot.  Instead of a generic see-saw of mayhem, a long awaited trajectory begins to take shape in the story.

Greek View of Death

The Greek and Trojan warriors were not afraid to die.  After all, death was determined by the Fates.  What they feared most was a bad legacy, a dishonorable death, or to be left as carrion without a proper burial.
Funeral games:  What is that all about?
http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/olympics/a/OlympicGames.htm

Achilles Lives!

No resolution.  Even thought the ending of the tale is known, the book doesn’t take us as far as we expected — the death of Achilles, the arrival of the Trojan horse, or the fall of Troy.  Only the rage of Achilles is resolved.

Greek Values

Many of the heroes seemed “flat”, indistinct; lacking moral characterizations that would make them individuals we could like or dislike, cheer for or rail against.  The descriptions were all about physical prowess, strength, ability to fight and/or stir up blood lust in their comrades.
So what did the Greeks value in a man? Lineage, efficacy in war, skillful rhetoric, physical beauty with an intolerance of physical weakness or flaws (for example, lame Hephaestus scorned by his mother, Hera)

Gods began to fight gods

How the gods are explained – through their behaviors, characteristics. They are man-made explanations of the mysteries of life. Their strengths – great powers, miracles, strong loyalties, wise, fair, willing to abide by the Fates (shadowy but potent figures who ultimately control the destiny of mortals).  Their weaknesses – selfish, vindictive, petty, childish, prone to strife when bored. Is there a connection between immortality and being bored?

Fates

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moirae

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202442/Fate

Toolbox Time

Snack discussion

We watched a clip from The Teaching Company: Ancient Greek Civilization, Chapter 5 The Age of Heroes, from 18:00 to the end. Dr. Jeremy McInerney gave a greater understanding of the oral tradition of these great stories during these ancient times.  If a storyteller went into a town that had a great warrior, he could especially highlight the heroic deeds of this home town hero.  And if the town didn’t have the distinction of harboring a renowned Trojan soldier, the bard could create one! When Homer endeavored to set these fluid tales to parchment, it altered the fluidity of the work and the freedom and creativity of the storytellers yet thankfully preserved the tale for all mankind.

Summary

We each wrote a brief summary of key factual information, plot summary, characters, and observations, and also some personal thoughts or impressions.

So many things were built with The Iliad as a foundation.  A solid foundation that under girds the great philosophies,…the Roman culture…Christianity…its spread throughout the West…our heritage.  It relates us to our ancestors.  These are the great stories that help us to be who we are.  As we read through the great books we will see we are standing on the shoulders of giants.  Myths, values, what’s worth doing, worth living for.  Immortality, that yearning for significance, that even after we die we want people to be moved and shaped by what we’ve done. As we study and understand these ancient books, may we study and understand ourselves as well.

Toolbox: The Iliad

Books

  • Black Ships Before Troy retold by Rosemary Sutcliff (Angie)
    My favorite. Beautifully written. Listed for all ages, but this version is rather intense. I’d recommend age 12 and up.
  • The Iliad of Homer retold by Barbara Leonie Picard (Angie)
    This one is lovely too and not nearly as graphic. Great author. Copyright 1960.
  • The Children’s Homer retold by Padraic Colum (Angie)
    A homeschool favorite. A retelling combining The Iliad and The Odyssey. Listed for ages 10 and up. Younger as a read aloud.
  • The Iliad for Boys and Girls retold by A.J. Church (Angie)
    “Told from Homer in Simple Language”
  • The Odyssey for Boys and Girls retold by A.J. Church (Angie)
    Fine old prose. Copyright 1907. Listed for ages 8-10
  • Classical Kids: An Activity Guide to Life in Ancient Greece and Rome by Laurie Carlson
  • The Odyssey, DK Classics
    not particularly beautiful prose, informative,
  • The Odyssey, Barefoot Books,
    better prose, story from first person perspective
  • Gods and Goddesses of Olympus by Aliki
    Good background on the gods and how they came about. Similar to D’Aulaires Book of Greek Myths?
  • Adventures in Ancient Greece (Good Times Travel Agency) by Linda Bailey (Jeff)
    Good one on Greek history

Field Trips

  • The Walters Art Museum (Angie)
    I might be stating the obvious, but this is an amazing treasure trove of ancient civilizations and free!

Games

  • Achilles
    Action adventure where you are Achilles fighting the Trojans. [Gail]
  • The Iliad Game
    Doesn’t seem to work very well. [Gail]

Movies

  • Troy (2004)
    For adults, Orlando Bloom, Brad Pitt, Diane Kruger, Sean Bean. Not a great adaptation, but may be a fun way to visualize some of the story. [Ken]

Audio Book

  • Iliad Unabridged, Stanley Lombardo (2006)
    Several copies in BCPL. Good enough for listening. I like the Fagles translation better, but unlike the Fagles, this is unabridged. [Ken]

The Iliad 2:9-16

Gods vs. God

The origin of the Greek gods seems to be influenced by preceding ancient people groups, such as the Minoans.
MessageNet | Wikipedia | ThinkQuest

Comparison of Character Traits

Appease the gods vs. glorifying God

God made in man’s image vs. man made in God’s image
Capricious gods vs. unchanging God
Convincing/discussing vs. sovereignty
Human traits vs. pure traits
Appease the gods vs. people benefit when glorifying God (communion)
Discerning a god’s way vs. discerning God’s will

Reading in Historical Context

But how much of our contrasts are clouded by 20th century Christian terms and New Testament knowledge? Would the differences between the gods and God be all that different if Homer had been using our modern Christian language? Ken challenged us to wear their shoes, come into their world view, allow Homer to teach us a little bit—what can we learn without leaning on our modern thinking? Let’s take the opportunity to learn from these ancient friends. Don’t just “know” them, learn from them. Let’s discover the meat.

Foreshadowing

Interestingly, Homer spoils the endings—marching along in a story, the fates declare what is going to happen (spill the beans) and then the story meanders along to this foregone conclusion. Does Fate ever miss? Example: 16.523 Sarpedon’s fate was sealed long ago.
One possibility: This shows the inevitability of their lives.
Another thought: Is this foretelling the beginning of the literary device of foreshadowing?

The Pivot Point

The intractable Achilles pivots. 16.33-52 Patroclus challenges the heart of his friend, Achilles. Finally Achilles insists ” Let bygones be bygones now. Done is done. How on earth can a man rage on forever?” 16.69-70. Ken noted this to be pivotal: Achilles begins to soften his stand—not yet ready to join the fray, but willing to lend his gear!

Power Struggle

Jeff noted a parallel between the power struggles of Agamemnon and Achilles and Zeus vs. Poseidon. Kings and gods vying for power and supremacy.

The Iliad 1:1-8

Homer and Troy

Homer

Written sometime between 700 and 800 B.C., Trojan war to have taken place 13-11th Centuries BC.

Was Homer real? – Yes, most ancient Greeks believed he was but there is no evidence (he lived in the dark age of Greece…no writing/alphabet, big gap in history, lots of war)

Some people think Homer might have written 1 & 8; his students/followers the Homeroids might have filled in Bks 2-7

Ancient libraries – established by Ptolemy the II (Ptolemy I was trusted general of Alexander, given oversight of Egypt)

The librarians in Alexandria, Egypt published the authoritative volume of Homer’s works.

Troy

(photos brought by Pat Lazaro)

Was in Turkey (great place for a historical tour)
Over half of ancient Greece was in Turkey
Has a replica of the Trojan horse
Layers of history – you can see 9 different eras (Troy of the Iliad was 7th layer?)

RAGE – characteristic of a great book is that the beginning encapsulates the entire story

Online text versions:
Project Gutenberg (many online versions)

Levels of inquiry

Grammar – establish facts

Dialectic – make connections

Rhetoric – form opinions

Grammar Activity

Making puppets of characters (decorated on front, tags on back), we re-enacted the first 8 books in 8 minutes.

Poetic Stucture

Epic poem

In medias res – Greek poems begin in the midst of the action, literary device (starts in the middle of the story), story unfolds through flashback, was started in the 8th century B.C. in Iliad & Odyssey

Dactylic hexameter – dactyl: long short short; hexameter: 6 dactyls per line

Meter could help people remember the story – sing, memorize, hand down

Poet would use different epithets to fit the meter (“white-armed Hera”) – Achilles called “swift of foot” more than 25 times

Repetition – helps poet (he’s thinking of next section coming up), familiar for listener, slight variation helps listener not get bored

Poets/Bards

Poets/bards – were the historians of their time

Evolved over time? What was eventually written down might have been longer than original

Improvise, revise/improve with each telling

Current bards & epic oral poets – Yugoslavia (but they lose the ability to memorize thousands of lines as soon as they learn to read) (see Perry)

Poets honored soldiers by mentioning them

Warfare

Truces – for the gathering of bodies after battle, Diomedes & Glaucus talk before fighting (and then decide not to)

Not everyone revels in war – common soldier not as invested but this was his way of life, missed family after 10 years, dispassionate fighting, needed strong leaders (like Agamemnon and Odysseus) to stir them to fight

Better to die nobly than to live as a coward

Reading—Bk 1:545+

Reading—Bk 2:495+

Gods

Gods are capricious

Eris – goddess of strife/discord

Bkgd:
The wedding of Heleus and Thetis (parents of Achilles)—Eris is not invited so she retaliates by throwing a golden apple labeled “For the Fairest” into the wedding; Hera, Athena, & Aphrodite fight over it; Zeus tells Paris (a mere mortal) to decide; Paris proclaims Aphrodite the winner because she promises him Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world (wikipedia).

Zeus vs. God

False God: Zeus – power trip, talking about hypothetical abilities, capricious, self-serving

True God: God tells Job all the things he’s already done

Outside Resources:

audible.com – subscription to recorded books (pay a fee for buying 1-2 books per month)

Netflix (“Troy” is the Hollywood version of the Iliad)

iTunes University (free lectures – search for Homer; iTunes is a free download)

podcasts

The Teaching Company – lectures on CD and DVD (see separate email on this)

For next time we discuss books 9-16 but if time is short read:
Books 9, 10, 15, 16

The Iliad Intro

The curtain opens on the ancient world as cast our first gaze on the world of the Greeks and Trojans as heard through the imagination of Homer, our blind poet. But the curtain drips with the blood of battle—9 years of heavy hoplite warfare and no end in sight (at least not in the first 8 books).

True to the classical method of inquiry, we will consider the work on 3 levels.

Grammar

Who, what, when, where, why? We look at the characters and the plot. Be prepared to identify the key characters in these three groups: Argives (Greeks), Trojans, and gods.

Logic/Dialectic

Look at how the poem is constructed: meter, form, etc. How was it originally performed? How does it stand up as a work of literature? Identify the main theme and any sub-themes. In general, what do we learn about ancient Greek society from the story?

Rhetoric

Here is your chance to form and defend an opinion about the work.

  • Analyze the conflict that started the war. Describe the forces at work as the conflict develops.
  • What effect does rage/wrath have on good judgment?
  • What do burial rites teach us about the values of the Greeks and Trojans?
  • What do they believe about honor?
  • Compare and contrast the personalities of Achilles and Agamemnon.
  • Compare and contrast the leadership of Achilles and Hector.
  • What is the role of fate in The Iliad? Are there differences in how humans and gods relate to fate?
  • Homer goes into detail about the bloody deaths of warriors. What affect does this have on the story? Is this a good literary technique?
  • What constitutes the “good life” according to this work? What constitutes a “hero” to Homer? Argue for or against the author’s view.