Toolbox: Oresteia, The Bacchae, Medea, History of the Peloponnesian War

[the following from Greek Tragedy by Elizabeth Vandiver]

The Oresteia

Others:

  • musical The Gospel at Colonus (1983), the story of Oedipus at Colonus with a service in an African-American Pentecostal church
  • Rita Dove’s story of Oedipus the King in an antebellum southern plantation The Darker Face of the Earth.
  • Star Trek: Voyager. Shipwreck of D’Lana Torres on a pre-industrial world, built around Greek tragedy.

Skit (inspired by The Orestrian Trilogy)

by Wendy and John Seefried

8/1/2008

John: Now that our pilgrimage is complete and the hand turned cherry pies are but memories of a feast with friends around a camp fire, my heart sinks at the thought of paying $4 per gallon of gas on the next pilgrimage to Assateague. The dollars in our pockets continue to drop in value but the cost of everything increases because of fuel prices. I long to return to sandy shores of Assateague, I know that the cost will be far greater than the last time we visited.

Wendy: Yes, there will be greater cost and risk again too. Remember how the wind howled and the siren voice of the Park Ranger rang out at 1AM announcing that a fast moving storm was approaching. We had traded the security of our condo for the nylon tent enclosure pitched near our Honda Odyssey to thwart the ever blustering wind. All night I lay awake ready shuttle the children to the car should the wind overpower our little wind strewn tent. But our tent did prevail.

John: As the blazing sun again shines its first rays across the far reaches of the Atlantic deep green and placid all is still in dawns first light. As blazing rays make their way higher, ever higher, into the morning sky the face of the water changes. The heat moves the air and the winds take their effect on the water. Indeed all that can be seen of the great sea is blown into a froth, one white capped wave after another all way to edge of the sky that bends low to kiss the now agitated sea.

In this same way the once calm United States of America economy has been blown to angry pieces by the ravages of an unprovoked war which has left many homes empty of their strongest young men.

Wendy: But surely the tyrant, Saddam, could not be allowed to molest his people and threaten the relative stability so near to the City of David.

John: Stability is now enjoyed by the people sworn to exterminate Israel, the Iranians. And we, Israel’s greatest strength all the globe over, have deposed the Iraqi foe that for so long occupied the war efforts of Iran. The Iraqi desert sand is stained red with the blood of Americans, Iraqis, and foreign combatants that have joined into what the enemy considers jihad and our nation considers liberation from tyranny for democracy without God at its foundation. It seems that the nation is feeling the weight of the war in unusual ways.

Wendy: Is it not better to engage the enemy across the sea instead of at our own doorstep? It is far better that our brave and skilled men gather themselves and fight in their units and battalions behind their iron warhorse rather than be cut down mercilessly and unaware as they flew the beautiful, but tear streaked skies on that fateful eleventh day of September?

John: At one point it seemed right to strike back at the terrorists, but our county’s targets are not at all clear now, and many are far from home.

Wendy: Hopefully, our next president can bring about a peaceful resolution to this complex situation.

Oresteia 1: Agamemnon

Discussion Questions (John)

  1. Who is Agamemnon’s prize?
  2. What role does Fate play?
  3. Which god is most engaged in this play?
  4. What was the same god’s main role in the Iliad?
  5. Where does the moral compass in this story get its indication of North?
  6. What character(s) do you as the audience most readily identify with?
  7. What is the literary technique that is drawing you (if not enrapturing you, inviting you to contemplate the conflict that is unfolding before you) into the story?
  8. In considering the Fate and the Furies vs. the gods over which Zeus is head (including Apollo) do you see any parallel to modern day discourse on Free Will vs. Pre-destination? When we gather at Pat’s house please share references from Agamemnon that illustrate the parallel, if any (or any other portions of Agamemnon that grabbed you deep in your soul and bid you ponder the deep complexities of life).
  9. Lastly, in considering your learning experience with the Iliad… what was a core message that Aeschylus was communicating to the culture? Assuming there was a core message and not just some shameless product placement advertisement for fishing nets and the newest rage – red silk carpets for, “the only greeting fit for a king”.

Characters

Agamemnon returns from war with Cassandra, prophetess, the one Apollo is against (no wonder he is cut down).

Cassandra: had Apollo’s gift of prophecy, but cursed, not understood by the chorus.

Apollo: on the side of Troy in the war, against Agamemnon, the god who was most prevalent in the story

Chorus: always questioning the characters, the one representing the audience, the ones learning who does what and why.

Clytemnestra: for 10 years she knew that her husband had sacrificed

Fate: the rules, predestination, the way it should be. Violating Fate is what gets the Furies

Perhaps Aeschylus is asking us to consider the newer gods in power, as opposed to Fate. And/or perhaps he is comparing these old methods of authority versus democracy.

Sacrifice of Iphigeneia.

Agamemnon offered an innocent to pay the price for someone guilty. She was to be the wife of Achilles.

Historicity

Is there any historical basis for this story, or these characters?

Bard’s Tale: Modern Day Iliad

John Seefried reads the modern day bard’s tale of the Seefrieds, Husos, Kinards, Brunses and Pat. Words fail to describe the experience of hearing such a heroic tale.

Playwrite: Modern Day Oresteia

But wait! There is more. John continues with a modern day play in the style of Aeschylus on the topic of the war in Iraq.

Video: The Context

Prof. Jeremy McInerney, Ancient Greek Civilization, Lecture 17

Background on the ancient greek tragedies, the catharsis (cleansing) = a way of dealing with the fallenness of man.

Was the theatre used for anything else during the year, besides the 3 days of these religious festivals?
http://www.greektheatre.gr

Possible source of the Sphinx riddle: the idea of old man on three legs (line 80 or so) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx

What’s better? Star Wars or The Lord of the Rings?